Journal: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Article Title: M2-type macrophage nanovesicles regulate the inflammatory response after necrotizing enterocolitis by inducing M1 to M2-like macrophage polarization

doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2025.1664897

Figure Lengend Snippet: Polarization and identification of M1- and M2- macrophages. After treatment with LPS/IL4. (A) The morphology of M0-, M1- and M2-type macrophages under microscope (bar:50μm). (B) The detection of CD86 and CD206 (M1- and M2-type macrophages marker) by flow cytometer. (C) The protein expression levels of CD86 and CD206, and β-actin are measured using western blot analysis and the relative expression levels are plotted. (D-G) The Inflammatory factor expression levels of IL4, TGFβ, IL6 and TNFα are measured using ELISA analysis and the relative expression levels are plotted. (H) The fluorescence signal change of TGFβ and TNFα was shown after the treatment of LPS/IL4 (bar:10μm). * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 vs control.

Article Snippet: The IL4, IL6, TNFα, TGFβ ELISA detection kit was gained from MultiSciences (Lianke) Biotech Co., Ltd. (Hangzhou, China).

Techniques: Microscopy, Marker, Flow Cytometry, Expressing, Western Blot, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Fluorescence, Control

Journal: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Article Title: M2-type macrophage nanovesicles regulate the inflammatory response after necrotizing enterocolitis by inducing M1 to M2-like macrophage polarization

doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2025.1664897

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression levels of inflammatory factors after treatment of M2NVs. (A-D) The Inflammatory factor expression levels of IL4, TGFβ, IL6 and TNFα are measured using ELISA analysis and the relative expression levels are plotted. (E) The fluorescence signal change of TGFβ and TNFα was shown after the treatment of M2NVs (bar: 5μm). * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 vs control; # p < 0.05 and ## p < 0.01 vs the LPS-treated cells.

Article Snippet: The IL4, IL6, TNFα, TGFβ ELISA detection kit was gained from MultiSciences (Lianke) Biotech Co., Ltd. (Hangzhou, China).

Techniques: Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Fluorescence, Control

Journal: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Article Title: M2-type macrophage nanovesicles regulate the inflammatory response after necrotizing enterocolitis by inducing M1 to M2-like macrophage polarization

doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2025.1664897

Figure Lengend Snippet: M2NVs treatment alleviates inflammatory response and injury of NEC in vivo . (A) The fluorescence signal change of TGFβ and TNFα was shown after the treatment of M2NVs. (B-E) The Inflammatory factor expression levels of IL4, TGFβ, IL6 and TNFα are measured using western blot analysis and the relative expression levels are plotted. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 vs control; # p < 0.05 and ## p < 0.01 vs the NEC-treated group.

Article Snippet: The IL4, IL6, TNFα, TGFβ ELISA detection kit was gained from MultiSciences (Lianke) Biotech Co., Ltd. (Hangzhou, China).

Techniques: In Vivo, Fluorescence, Expressing, Western Blot, Control

Journal: Vaccines

Article Title: In Situ Vaccination with a Vpr-Derived Peptide Elicits Systemic Antitumor Immunity by Improving Tumor Immunogenicity

doi: 10.3390/vaccines13070710

Figure Lengend Snippet: Vpr peptides released tumor antigens and induced ICD. ( A ) EGFR release was evaluated using an ELISA (n = 5). ( B – D ) The surface exposure of CRT on MC38 ( B ), B16F10 ( C ), and LLC ( D ) cells was evaluated using CLSM. Blue: DAPI; red: CRT. Scale bar, 50 μm. ( E ) The surface exposure of CRT was analyzed using flow cytometry (n = 3). ( F ) ATP release was evaluated using an ATP assay kit (n = 3). ( G ) HMGB1 release was evaluated using an ELISA (n = 3). ( H , I ) Phagocytosis test of Vpr peptides promoting macrophage Ana-1 to phagocytose LLC cells (CFDA-SE labeled), Ana-1 were observed ( H ) and counted ( I ). Green: LLC cells. Scale bar, 50 μm. The data are presented as means ± SD, ** p < 0.0021, *** p < 0.0002, **** p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Cancer cells (HT-29) were treated with Vpr peptides at concentrations of 10, 20, and 40 μM for 48 h. EGFR levels in the cell culture supernatants were subsequently quantified using an EGFR ELISA detection kit (MultiSciences, EK1192-96, Hangzhou, China) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Flow Cytometry, ATP Assay, Labeling